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Abijatta-Shalla Lakes National Park is one of Ethiopia's most distinctive natural reserves, offering visitors a unique combination of geological wonders, exceptional birdwatching opportunities, and striking Rift Valley landscapes.
Established in 1974, Abijatta-Shalla Lakes National Park encompasses 887 square kilometers (342 square miles) in the heart of Ethiopia's Rift Valley. The park is located approximately 200 kilometers south of Addis Ababa, making it an accessible destination for visitors based in the capital. The park sits in the East Shewa Zone of the Oromia region, positioned southwest of Lake Ziway and west of the main Mojo-Moyale road.
The park derives its name from its two most prominent features: Lake Abijatta and Lake Shalla, which are separated by three kilometers of hilly terrain. The altitude ranges from 1,540 to 2,075 meters, with Mount Fike serving as the highest peak, situated between the two lakes. Both lakes are alkaline bodies of water without natural outlets, formed during ancient volcanic activity in the O'a Caldera.
The geographical distinction between the two lakes is remarkable: Lake Abijatta is very shallow, reaching depths of only 14 meters, while Lake Shalla, nestled within the crater of an extinct volcano, plunges to depths of 266 meters, making it one of Ethiopia's deepest lakes.
Abijatta-Shalla National Park is internationally recognized as a critical birdwatching destination. The park's alkaline lakes and surrounding wetlands attract an extraordinary diversity of avian species, making it a paradise for ornithologists and bird enthusiasts.
The park hosts numerous waterfowl and wading bird species, including:
The lake fringes, particularly around Lake Abijatta, serve as crucial feeding and resting grounds for migratory birds traveling between Africa and Europe. Bird populations fluctuate seasonally, with peak diversity during migration periods.
Endemic and near-endemic species found within the park include the Black-winged Lovebird (Poicephalus flavifrons), White-winged Cliff Chat, and White-billed Starling, adding to the park's ornithological significance.
Beyond its wildlife, the park showcases remarkable geological formations. The volcanic origin of both lakes is evident in their alkaline chemistry and the crater structure containing Lake Shalla. The park features hot springs on the northeast corner of Lake Abijatta, which are accessible to visitors and provide insight into the region's geothermal activity.
Visitors should exercise caution when approaching Lake Abijatta's shoreline, as the thin crust of dried alkaline deposits can be deceptive and potentially unsafe for vehicles.
The optimal visiting season depends on your primary interests. For birdwatching, the park is exceptional year-round, but migratory species are most abundant during the dry seasons. The Ethiopian dry season, typically from October to February, offers the most pleasant weather conditions for exploration, with cooler temperatures and minimal rainfall.
December through February provides ideal conditions for photography and general park exploration, as visibility is excellent and weather is most stable. However, bird populations may be more concentrated and predictable during these months due to water availability.
The rainy seasons (June to September) can make road access challenging, though the landscape becomes greener and certain bird species may be more active. Plan accordingly based on road conditions if visiting during wetter months.
This is the primary activity for most visitors. Bring binoculars, a comprehensive bird identification guide, and a camera with a good telephoto lens. Early morning excursions offer the best birdwatching opportunities, as birds are most active during dawn hours. Consider hiring a local guide familiar with seasonal bird movements and specific viewing locations.
The park's dramatic landscapes, abundant wildlife, and striking light conditions make it a photographer's paradise. Lake vistas, flamingo congregations, and Mount Fike provide excellent composition opportunities. The alkaline deposits around Lake Abijatta create unusual textural elements worth capturing.
Several designated viewpoints offer panoramic vistas of both lakes and the surrounding Rift Valley terrain. These locations provide opportunities for contemplation and landscape photography without extensive hiking.
Visit the geothermal hot springs on Lake Abijatta's northeast corner to observe geothermal activity and understand the park's volcanic geology. These features are accessible by vehicle from the main park areas.
The park is located approximately 200 kilometers south of Addis Ababa. Most visitors travel by private vehicle or organized tour from the capital, a journey taking approximately 3-4 hours via the main southern highway. The route passes through the scenic Rift Valley region.
The park entrance is accessible from the main Mojo-Moyale road. Once inside the park, roads are generally passable by standard vehicles, though a 4x4 vehicle is recommended for more remote areas and during rainy seasons.
Alternatively, domestic flights from Addis Ababa to nearby towns, followed by vehicle transfer, can reduce travel time, though this option is more expensive.
Limited accommodation exists within the park itself. Most visitors stay in nearby towns such as Ziway or arrange accommodation through tour operators. Some basic guesthouses and lodges operate in the surrounding region. Plan accommodation in advance, particularly during peak tourism seasons.
The park offers basic visitor facilities including designated camping areas and simple rest stations. Water and food supplies are limited within the park, so bring adequate provisions. Fuel availability may be limited, so refuel in larger towns before entering.
Hiring a local guide is highly recommended, particularly for birdwatching. Guides possess valuable knowledge about seasonal bird movements, specific viewing locations, and park ecology. Arrange guides through your accommodation or tour operator before arrival.
The park faces conservation challenges, including water extraction for soda-ash production and irrigation from feeding rivers (Gogessa, Bulbula, and Hora Kelo). These activities have impacted water levels and wildlife populations. Visitors should practice responsible tourism, respecting wildlife, staying on designated paths, and minimizing environmental impact.
A minimum of 2-3 days is recommended to adequately experience the park's birdlife and geological features. Dedicated birdwatchers may prefer 4-5 days to observe diverse species and seasonal variations.
Abijatta-Shalla Lakes National Park represents a unique intersection of geological significance and ecological importance within Ethiopia's Rift Valley. Whether you're a serious birder, landscape photographer, or nature enthusiast, this remarkable park offers unforgettable experiences and valuable insights into Ethiopia's natural heritage.
2 Days
$12 entry fee
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